[panic] Have panics stop all cores

Kernel panics previously only stopped the calling core. This commit
re-implements the panic system to allow us to stop all cores on a panic.

Changes include:

- panic now sends an NMI to all cores. This means we can't control the
  contents of their registers, so panic information has been moved to a
  global struct, and the panicking cpu sets the pointer to that data in
  its cpu_data.
- the panic_handler is now set up with mutexes to print appropriately
  and only initialize objects once.
- copying _current_gsbase into the panic handler, and #including the
  cpprt.cpp file (so that we can define NDEBUG and not have it try to
  link the assert code back in)
- making the symbol data pointer in kargs an actual pointer again, not
  an address - and carrying that through to the panic handler
- the number of cpus is now saved globally in the kernel as g_num_cpus

src/boot/main.cpp

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ load_resources(bootproto::args *args, video::screen *screen, uefi::handle image,
             continue;
 
         util::buffer symbol_table = loader::load_file(disk, d);
-        args->symbol_table = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(symbol_table.pointer);
+        args->symbol_table = symbol_table.pointer;
         break;
     }
 

src/kernel/ap_startup.s

@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ init_ap_trampoline:
 	ret
 
 extern long_ap_startup
-global ap_idle
+global ap_idle:function (ap_idle.end - ap_idle)
 ap_idle:
 	call long_ap_startup
 	sti
 .hang:
 	hlt
 	jmp .hang
-
+.end:

src/kernel/assert.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 namespace panic {
 
 uint32_t *apic_icr = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(0xffffc000fee00300);
-uintptr_t symbol_table = 0;
+void const *symbol_table = nullptr;
 
 } // namespace panic
 

src/kernel/assert.h

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include "cpu.h"
 
 namespace panic {
 
 constexpr uint32_t send_nmi_command =
     (4 << 8) |  // Delivery mode NMI
     (1 << 14) | // assert level high
-    (1 << 18);  // destination self
+    (2 << 18);  // destination all
 
 extern uint32_t *apic_icr;
-extern uintptr_t symbol_table;
+extern void const *symbol_table;
 
 __attribute__ ((always_inline))
 inline void panic(
@@ -19,19 +20,23 @@ inline void panic(
         const char *file = __builtin_FILE(),
         uint64_t line = __builtin_LINE())
 {
-    register uintptr_t syms asm("rdi");
-    register const char *m asm("rsi");
-    register const char *fn asm("rdx");
-    register const char *fi asm("rcx");
-    register uint64_t l asm("r8");
+    cpu_data &cpu = current_cpu();
 
-    asm volatile ("mov %1, %0" : "=r"(syms) : "r"(symbol_table));
-    asm volatile ("mov %1, %0" : "=r"(m) : "r"(message));
-    asm volatile ("mov %1, %0" : "=r"(fn) : "r"(function));
-    asm volatile ("mov %1, %0" : "=r"(fi) : "r"(file));
-    asm volatile ("mov %1, %0" : "=r"(l) : "r"(line));
+    // Grab the global panic block for ourselves
+    cpu.panic = __atomic_exchange_n(&g_panic_data_p, nullptr, __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL);
+
+    // If we aren't the first CPU to panic, cpu.panic will be null
+    if (cpu.panic) {
+        cpu.panic->symbol_data = symbol_table;
+        cpu.panic->message = message;
+        cpu.panic->function = function;
+        cpu.panic->file = file;
+        cpu.panic->line = line;
+        cpu.panic->cpus = g_num_cpus;
+
+        *apic_icr = send_nmi_command;
+    }
 
-    *apic_icr = send_nmi_command;
     while (1) asm ("hlt");
 }
 

src/kernel/cpu.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include "assert.h"
 #include "cpu.h"
@@ -12,6 +13,11 @@
 #include "syscall.h"
 #include "tss.h"
 
+unsigned g_num_cpus = 1;
+
+panic_data g_panic_data;
+panic_data *g_panic_data_p = &g_panic_data;
+
 cpu_data g_bsp_cpu_data;
 
 void
@@ -37,9 +43,18 @@ cpu_validate()
 #undef CPU_FEATURE_REQ
 }
 
+void
+global_cpu_init()
+{
+    memset(&g_panic_data, 0, sizeof(g_panic_data));
+}
+
 void
 cpu_early_init(cpu_data *cpu)
 {
+    if (cpu->index == 0)
+        global_cpu_init();
+
     cpu->idt->install();
     cpu->gdt->install();
 

src/kernel/cpu.h

@@ -18,6 +18,20 @@ struct cpu_state
     uint64_t rip, cs, rflags, rsp, ss;
 };
 
+/// Kernel-wide panic information
+struct panic_data
+{
+    void const * symbol_data;
+    char const * message;
+    char const * function;
+    char const * file;
+    uint32_t line;
+    uint16_t cpus;
+};
+
+extern unsigned g_num_cpus;
+extern panic_data *g_panic_data_p;
+
 /// Per-cpu state data. If you change this, remember to update the assembly
 /// version in 'tasking.inc'
 struct cpu_data
@@ -39,6 +53,7 @@ struct cpu_data
     // Members beyond this point do not appear in
     // the assembly version
     lapic *apic;
+    panic_data *panic;
 };
 
 extern "C" cpu_data * _current_gsbase();

src/kernel/main.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ kernel_main(bootproto::args *args)
 {
     if (args->panic) {
         IDT::set_nmi_handler(args->panic->entrypoint);
-        panic::symbol_table = args->symbol_table | mem::linear_offset;
+        panic::symbol_table = util::offset_pointer(args->symbol_table, mem::linear_offset);
     }
 
     init_console();
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ kernel_main(bootproto::args *args)
     apic->calibrate_timer();
 
     const auto &apic_ids = devices.get_apic_ids();
-    unsigned num_cpus = start_aps(*apic, apic_ids, args->pml4);
+    g_num_cpus = start_aps(*apic, apic_ids, args->pml4);
 
     interrupts_enable();
     g_com1.handle_interrupt();
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ kernel_main(bootproto::args *args)
     }
     */
 
-    scheduler *sched = new scheduler {num_cpus};
+    scheduler *sched = new scheduler {g_num_cpus};
     scheduler_ready = true;
 
     // Load the init server

src/kernel/panic.serial/display.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 
 namespace panicking {
 
+const char *clear = "\e[0m\n";
+
 void
 print_header(
         serial_port &out,
@@ -15,7 +17,8 @@ print_header(
         const char *file,
         uint64_t line)
 {
-    out.write("\n\n\e[5;31m PANIC:\e[0;1;31m ");
+    out.write(clear);
+    out.write("\n\e[5;31m PANIC:\e[0;1;31m ");
     if (message) {
         out.write(message);
         out.write("\n ");
@@ -28,8 +31,16 @@ print_header(
     char linestr[6];
     snprintf(linestr, sizeof(linestr), "%ld", line);
     out.write(linestr);
+}
 
-    out.write("\n \e[0;31m===================================================================================\n");
+void
+print_cpu(serial_port &out, cpu_data &cpu)
+{
+    out.write("\n \e[0;31m==[ CPU: ");
+    char cpuid[7];
+    snprintf(cpuid, sizeof(cpuid), "%4x", cpu.id);
+    out.write(cpuid);
+    out.write(" ]====================================================================\n");
 }
 
 void
@@ -64,7 +75,7 @@ print_reg(serial_port &out, const char *name, uint64_t val, const char *color)
 void
 print_cpu_state(serial_port &out, const cpu_state &regs)
 {
-    out.write("\e[0m\n");
+    out.write(clear);
 
     // Row 1
     print_reg(out, "rsp", regs.rsp, "1;34");
@@ -99,7 +110,7 @@ print_cpu_state(serial_port &out, const cpu_state &regs)
     print_reg(out, "ss",  regs.ss,  "1;33");
     print_reg(out, "cs",  regs.cs,  "1;33");
     print_reg(out, "flg", regs.rflags, "0;37");
-    out.write("\e[0m\n");
+    out.write(clear);
 }
 
 } // namespace panicking

src/kernel/panic.serial/display.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 struct cpu_state;
+struct cpu_data;
 
 namespace panicking {
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ void print_header(
         const char *file,
         uint64_t line);
 
+void print_cpu(serial_port &out, cpu_data &cpu);
 void print_callstack(serial_port &out, symbol_table &syms, frame const *fp);
 void print_cpu_state(serial_port &out, const cpu_state &regs);
 

src/kernel/panic.serial/entry.s

@@ -10,9 +10,17 @@ _panic_entry:
 	push 0 ; NMI doesn't push an error code
 	push 2 ; NMI is int 2
 	push_all
+	check_swap_gs
+
 	mov r9, rsp
 
 	mov rax, [rsp + REGS.rip]
 	push rax
 
 	jmp panic_handler
+
+
+global _current_gsbase
+_current_gsbase:
+	mov rax, [gs:0]
+	ret

src/kernel/panic.serial/main.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,26 @@
-#include "kutil/spinlock.h"
+#include <new>
+#include <util/no_construct.h>
 
-#include "assert.h"
+#include "cpu.h"
 #include "display.h"
+#include "io.h"
 #include "serial.h"
 #include "symbol_table.h"
 
 struct cpu_state;
 
+bool main_cpu_done = false;
+bool asserting_locked = false;
+unsigned remaining = 0;
+
+util::no_construct<panicking::serial_port> __com1_storage;
+panicking::serial_port &com1 = __com1_storage.value;
+
+util::no_construct<panicking::symbol_table> __syms_storage;
+panicking::symbol_table &syms = __syms_storage.value;
+
+constexpr int order = __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL;
+
 extern "C"
 void panic_handler(
         const void *symbol_data,
@@ -16,15 +30,49 @@ void panic_handler(
         uint64_t line,
         const cpu_state *regs)
 {
-    panicking::serial_port com1(panicking::COM1);
-    panicking::symbol_table syms(symbol_data);
+    cpu_data &cpu = current_cpu();
+    panic_data *panic = cpu.panic;
+
+    // If we're not running on the CPU that panicked, wait
+    // for it to finish
+    if (!panic) {
+        while (!main_cpu_done);
+    } else {
+        new (&com1) panicking::serial_port {panicking::COM1};
+        new (&syms) panicking::symbol_table {panic->symbol_data};
+        remaining = panic->cpus;
+    }
+
+    while (__atomic_test_and_set(&asserting_locked, order))
+        asm ("pause");
 
     panicking::frame const *fp = nullptr;
     asm ( "mov %%rbp, %0" : "=r" (fp) );
 
-    print_header(com1, message, function, file, line);
+    if (panic)
+        print_header(com1, panic->message, panic->function,
+                panic->file, panic->line);
+
+    print_cpu(com1, cpu);
     print_callstack(com1, syms, fp);
     print_cpu_state(com1, *regs);
 
+    __atomic_clear(&asserting_locked, order);
+
+    // If we're running on the CPU that panicked, tell the
+    // others we have finished
+    if (panic)
+        main_cpu_done = true;
+
+    if (__atomic_sub_fetch(&remaining, 1, order) == 0) {
+        // No remaining CPUs, if we're running on QEMU,
+        // tell it to exit
+        constexpr uint32_t exit_code = 0;
+        asm ( "out %0, %1" :: "a"(exit_code), "Nd"(0xf4) );
+    }
+
     while (1) asm ("hlt");
 }
+
+#define NDEBUG
+#include "../cpprt.cpp"

src/libraries/bootproto/include/bootproto/kernel.h

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ struct args
     program *panic;
     allocation_register *allocations;
     uintptr_t modules;
-    uintptr_t symbol_table;
+    void const *symbol_table;
 
     void *runtime_services;
     void *acpi_table;